![]() explains the form of his citations from Caballini's sources, which are summarized in a 16 page index of the best critical editions. The Praefatio gives useful information about the author's life.8L. has achieved excellent results in this respect.7 In this case the intuition of the editor is necessary, who needs good knowledge of what ancient, christian and medieval authors were available to Caballini. The comparison with the sources cited by Caballini is very important for the constitution of the text, although he sometimes did not mention his sources. The first one has, according to L., corrections from the time of Caballini, the second one, a predecessor of N, has some readings of later origin. postulates the existence of two hyparchetypi, alpha' and beta. One passage in the text addresses the Pope directly (1,7,1 with gloss XI). supposes that G was given as a present to Pope Clement VI (see below), because it was well illustrated. The tradition of the text is based on three important manuscripts, G, N and O.5Ms.G still preserves glosses of Caballini,6as L. Additionally, Caballini cites on many pages 5 or 10 different sources, which the editor has to identify. This short summary makes the diversity of the Polistoria conspicuous. It culminates in the concession of primacy to the Pope (and not to the Emperor). ![]() Book 10 praises the site of Rome and the development of the Roman empire. Books 7 and 8 go on with the topographic details: the seven hills and the 13 regions in Caballini's time are explained.4The short book 9 consists of addenda to the regions. theater and circus book 6 treats the foundation and topography of the city and enumerates the 13 founders from Noah to Romulus and the gates of Rome. Book 4 lists pagan and christian symbols in Rome and explains the meaning of the cross of Christ, but also the images of the Emperors. Book 3 begins with a poetical praise of the cit圓and characterizes the social groups in antiquity and the Middle Ages, from the citizens and magistrates to Emperor and Pope. The shorter book 2 derives the name of Rome from gr. De urbe Roma invicta, beata et eterna (1,1) or De Roma origine legum universalium (1,5). Committed to a certain encyclopedic tradition,2Caballini treated the different and often disparate aspects of his topic in ten books:īook 1 deals with the legacy of Rome in different areas, e.g. Thanks to Laureys' commendable edition, the Polistoria of Ioannes Caballinus (+ 1349), secretary at the papal court in Avignon, is now for the first time available completely.1This rather unknown Trecento history book offers an especially interesting insight into late medieval learned attitudes towards Roman antiquity. Holding of land in Kent by gavelkind, rather than the feudal-Norman laws of primogeniture, lasted until the early 20th century suggesting that the people of the county did indeed acquire some concessions from the Conqueror. Its origin has also been said to have been because Dover was not besieged or defeated on William's march through Kent, but instead agreed to a conditional surrender to him, on its own terms, and was therefore not conquered by him. Their request was granted and from that day the motto of kent has been INVICTA meaning Unconquered." They offered peace if he would grant their ancient rights and liberties otherwise war and that most deadly. The monument states that "Near this spot by ancient tradition the men of Kent and Kentish men carrying boughs on their shoulders and swords in their hands met the invader William Duke of Normandy. It is now located in the church yard of Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Church in Swanscombe where the picture (right) was taken. The monument was moved in the early 1960s due to the construction of the A2 dual carriageway. As the people of Kent felt that they had chased William away, they adopted "Invicta" as a county motto.Ī different version of the legend above is depicted on a monument at Swanscombe in Kent where legend states this meeting took place on the Old Roman Road to London (Watling Street). Scared, William and his army took flight and took a different route to London. While passing through Kent, the local people picked up branches and marched at William's men. Legend has it that, while marching from the battle site at Hastings, William marched on to London on his way to the (then) capital Winchester. As the official motto, it appears on the coat of arms of Kent County Council. This symbolic statement was later printed on to gold coins, to help boost the morale of the failing Empire.įor Kent, It dates back to the invasion of England by William The Conqueror. It was an inspirational motto used until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Roma Invicta is a Latin phrase, meaning "Unconquered Rome", inscribed on the Statue of Rome.
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